{
  "lesson_id": "COM-030",
  "cases": [
    {
      "order_id": "O-LAB",
      "state_model_version": "v1",
      "payment_state": "PAID",
      "fulfillment_state": "UNFULFILLED",
      "commercial_state": "OPEN",
      "exception_state": "NONE",
      "source_system": "SYNTHETIC",
      "source_status": "captured",
      "canonical_event": "PAYMENT_CAPTURED",
      "from_state": "AUTHORIZED",
      "to_state": "PAID",
      "transition_guard": "TRUE",
      "invariant_set": "PASS",
      "event_id": "EV-BASE",
      "event_time": "2026-09-15T10:00:00Z",
      "processing_time": "2026-09-15T10:00:02Z",
      "idempotency_key": "idem-base",
      "late_event_policy": "RECONCILE_IF_OLDER",
      "terminal_state": "FALSE",
      "reopen_authority": "N/A",
      "transition_result": "APPLY_TRANSITION",
      "owner": "LAB",
      "evidence_ref": "fixture://base",
      "affected_axis": "payment",
      "mapping_axes": [
        "payment"
      ],
      "event_seen_before": false,
      "event_is_older_than_current": false,
      "would_regress_terminal": false,
      "reopen_requested": false,
      "invariants_pass": true,
      "expected_decision": "APPLY_TRANSITION",
      "id": "baseline_payment"
    },
    {
      "order_id": "O-GUARD",
      "state_model_version": "v1",
      "payment_state": "PAID",
      "fulfillment_state": "UNFULFILLED",
      "commercial_state": "OPEN",
      "exception_state": "NONE",
      "source_system": "SYNTHETIC",
      "source_status": "completed",
      "canonical_event": "FULFILLMENT_COMPLETED",
      "from_state": "PACKED",
      "to_state": "FULFILLED",
      "transition_guard": "FALSE",
      "invariant_set": "PASS",
      "event_id": "EV-BASE",
      "event_time": "2026-09-15T10:00:00Z",
      "processing_time": "2026-09-15T10:00:02Z",
      "idempotency_key": "idem-base",
      "late_event_policy": "RECONCILE_IF_OLDER",
      "terminal_state": "TRUE",
      "reopen_authority": "N/A",
      "transition_result": "APPLY_TRANSITION",
      "owner": "LAB",
      "evidence_ref": "fixture://base",
      "affected_axis": "fulfillment",
      "mapping_axes": [
        "fulfillment"
      ],
      "event_seen_before": false,
      "event_is_older_than_current": false,
      "would_regress_terminal": false,
      "reopen_requested": false,
      "invariants_pass": true,
      "expected_decision": "HOLD_GUARD_FAILED",
      "id": "guard_false"
    },
    {
      "order_id": "O-DUP",
      "state_model_version": "v1",
      "payment_state": "PAID",
      "fulfillment_state": "UNFULFILLED",
      "commercial_state": "OPEN",
      "exception_state": "NONE",
      "source_system": "SYNTHETIC",
      "source_status": "packed",
      "canonical_event": "FULFILLMENT_PACKED",
      "from_state": "PICKED",
      "to_state": "PACKED",
      "transition_guard": "TRUE",
      "invariant_set": "PASS",
      "event_id": "EV-BASE",
      "event_time": "2026-09-15T10:00:00Z",
      "processing_time": "2026-09-15T10:00:02Z",
      "idempotency_key": "idem-dup",
      "late_event_policy": "RECONCILE_IF_OLDER",
      "terminal_state": "FALSE",
      "reopen_authority": "N/A",
      "transition_result": "APPLY_TRANSITION",
      "owner": "LAB",
      "evidence_ref": "fixture://base",
      "affected_axis": "fulfillment",
      "mapping_axes": [
        "fulfillment"
      ],
      "event_seen_before": true,
      "event_is_older_than_current": false,
      "would_regress_terminal": false,
      "reopen_requested": false,
      "invariants_pass": true,
      "expected_decision": "NOOP_DUPLICATE",
      "id": "duplicate_event"
    },
    {
      "order_id": "O-LATE",
      "state_model_version": "v1",
      "payment_state": "PAID",
      "fulfillment_state": "UNFULFILLED",
      "commercial_state": "OPEN",
      "exception_state": "NONE",
      "source_system": "SYNTHETIC",
      "source_status": "failed",
      "canonical_event": "PAYMENT_FAILED",
      "from_state": "PAID",
      "to_state": "FAILED",
      "transition_guard": "TRUE",
      "invariant_set": "PASS",
      "event_id": "EV-BASE",
      "event_time": "2026-09-15T09:00:00Z",
      "processing_time": "2026-09-15T10:30:00Z",
      "idempotency_key": "idem-base",
      "late_event_policy": "RECONCILE_IF_OLDER",
      "terminal_state": "FALSE",
      "reopen_authority": "N/A",
      "transition_result": "APPLY_TRANSITION",
      "owner": "LAB",
      "evidence_ref": "fixture://base",
      "affected_axis": "payment",
      "mapping_axes": [
        "payment"
      ],
      "event_seen_before": false,
      "event_is_older_than_current": true,
      "would_regress_terminal": true,
      "reopen_requested": false,
      "invariants_pass": true,
      "expected_decision": "HOLD_RECONCILE_LATE_EVENT",
      "id": "late_terminal"
    },
    {
      "order_id": "O-MAP",
      "state_model_version": "v1",
      "payment_state": "PAID",
      "fulfillment_state": "UNFULFILLED",
      "commercial_state": "OPEN",
      "exception_state": "NONE",
      "source_system": "SYNTHETIC",
      "source_status": "completed",
      "canonical_event": "UNKNOWN",
      "from_state": "UNKNOWN",
      "to_state": "UNKNOWN",
      "transition_guard": "TRUE",
      "invariant_set": "PASS",
      "event_id": "EV-BASE",
      "event_time": "2026-09-15T10:00:00Z",
      "processing_time": "2026-09-15T10:00:02Z",
      "idempotency_key": "idem-base",
      "late_event_policy": "RECONCILE_IF_OLDER",
      "terminal_state": "FALSE",
      "reopen_authority": "N/A",
      "transition_result": "APPLY_TRANSITION",
      "owner": "LAB",
      "evidence_ref": "fixture://base",
      "affected_axis": "UNKNOWN",
      "mapping_axes": [
        "payment",
        "fulfillment",
        "commercial"
      ],
      "event_seen_before": false,
      "event_is_older_than_current": false,
      "would_regress_terminal": false,
      "reopen_requested": false,
      "invariants_pass": true,
      "expected_decision": "HOLD_PROVIDER_MAPPING",
      "id": "ambiguous_provider"
    },
    {
      "order_id": "O-MISS",
      "state_model_version": "v1",
      "payment_state": "PAID",
      "fulfillment_state": "UNFULFILLED",
      "commercial_state": "OPEN",
      "exception_state": "NONE",
      "source_system": "SYNTHETIC",
      "source_status": "captured",
      "canonical_event": "PAYMENT_CAPTURED",
      "from_state": "AUTHORIZED",
      "to_state": "PAID",
      "transition_guard": "TRUE",
      "invariant_set": "PASS",
      "event_id": "EV-BASE",
      "event_time": "2026-09-15T10:00:00Z",
      "processing_time": "2026-09-15T10:00:02Z",
      "idempotency_key": "idem-base",
      "late_event_policy": "RECONCILE_IF_OLDER",
      "terminal_state": "FALSE",
      "reopen_authority": "N/A",
      "transition_result": "APPLY_TRANSITION",
      "owner": "LAB",
      "evidence_ref": "",
      "affected_axis": "payment",
      "mapping_axes": [
        "payment"
      ],
      "event_seen_before": false,
      "event_is_older_than_current": false,
      "would_regress_terminal": false,
      "reopen_requested": false,
      "invariants_pass": true,
      "expected_decision": "HOLD_UNKNOWN_EVIDENCE",
      "id": "missing_evidence"
    },
    {
      "order_id": "O-REOPEN",
      "state_model_version": "v1",
      "payment_state": "PAID",
      "fulfillment_state": "UNFULFILLED",
      "commercial_state": "OPEN",
      "exception_state": "NONE",
      "source_system": "SYNTHETIC",
      "source_status": "reopen",
      "canonical_event": "COMMERCIAL_REOPEN",
      "from_state": "CANCELLED",
      "to_state": "OPEN",
      "transition_guard": "TRUE",
      "invariant_set": "PASS",
      "event_id": "EV-BASE",
      "event_time": "2026-09-15T10:00:00Z",
      "processing_time": "2026-09-15T10:00:02Z",
      "idempotency_key": "idem-base",
      "late_event_policy": "RECONCILE_IF_OLDER",
      "terminal_state": "TRUE",
      "reopen_authority": "MISSING",
      "transition_result": "APPLY_TRANSITION",
      "owner": "LAB",
      "evidence_ref": "fixture://base",
      "affected_axis": "commercial",
      "mapping_axes": [
        "commercial"
      ],
      "event_seen_before": false,
      "event_is_older_than_current": false,
      "would_regress_terminal": false,
      "reopen_requested": true,
      "invariants_pass": true,
      "expected_decision": "HOLD_REOPEN_AUTHORITY_REQUIRED",
      "id": "reopen_without_authority"
    },
    {
      "order_id": "O-PART",
      "state_model_version": "v2",
      "payment_state": "PAID",
      "fulfillment_state": "UNFULFILLED",
      "commercial_state": "OPEN",
      "exception_state": "NONE",
      "source_system": "SYNTHETIC",
      "source_status": "partially_fulfilled",
      "canonical_event": "FULFILLMENT_PARTIAL",
      "from_state": "UNFULFILLED",
      "to_state": "PARTIALLY_FULFILLED",
      "transition_guard": "TRUE",
      "invariant_set": "PASS",
      "event_id": "EV-PART",
      "event_time": "2026-09-15T10:00:00Z",
      "processing_time": "2026-09-15T10:00:02Z",
      "idempotency_key": "idem-part",
      "late_event_policy": "RECONCILE_IF_OLDER",
      "terminal_state": "FALSE",
      "reopen_authority": "N/A",
      "transition_result": "APPLY_TRANSITION",
      "owner": "LAB",
      "evidence_ref": "fixture://base",
      "affected_axis": "fulfillment",
      "mapping_axes": [
        "fulfillment"
      ],
      "event_seen_before": false,
      "event_is_older_than_current": false,
      "would_regress_terminal": false,
      "reopen_requested": false,
      "invariants_pass": true,
      "expected_decision": "APPLY_TRANSITION",
      "id": "partial_transfer"
    }
  ]
}